Manuscript Preparation

1. Apart from the article/paper, the contributions should include:

a) Page 1 (Title Page)- Title page is a separate page before the text begins. The title page must include

• Title: Must be concise and informative. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
• Name(s) of the author(s): Indicate the name and family name of the author(s) clearly. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript immediately after the author’s name and in front of the appropriate affiliation.
• Author(s) professional affiliations: Present the authors’ affiliation(where the actual work was done) including contact details and addressof each authorbelow the author name(s) and indicating the lowercase superscript of the author mentioned along with the author’s name. Include full postal address of each affiliation, including the company/institution name, designation, country name, and, if available, the e-mail address, and telephone number.
• Corresponding Author: Clearly indicate the author who is going to handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, and also post-publication. Ensure that telephone numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.
• Sponsoring Information: If the research is sponsored or supported by an organization, please indicate it.It must also contain the source(s) of support if any received in the form of grants, equipment, drugs.

b) Page 2 (Title of the paper)-

• Abstract: An abstract is a concise summary of the entire paper(not more than 150-250 words). The abstract should state briefly the aims, methods, results and major conclusion of the research. From the abstract, a reader should be able to make out the content of the article. Hence, it requires special attention of the author. References should be avoided.
• Keywords: Following the abstract, provide a maximum of 4-6 keywords, avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, ‘and’, ‘of’).

c) Main Text of Paper- Though it is completely at the creative liberty of the author, in general the manuscript should include

• Introduction: Provide the necessary background or context of the study (i.e the nature of the problem and its significance). State the specific purpose or objective of the study. Provide a brief but appropriate historical backdrop and the contemporary context in which the proposed research question occupies the central stage.
• Methods: Concisely describe the methodology employed to achieve results. Describe the source population and the selection criteria for study sample/participants. Identify the methods, tools, apparatus, and procedures in sufficient detail to allow other workers to reproduce the results. Authors submitting review manuscripts should describe the methods used for locating, selecting, extracting, and synthesizing data. Describe statistical methods with sufficient details to enable a knowledgeable reader with access to the original data to verify the reported results.
• Results: This section must focus on scientifically appropriate analyses of the salient data and findings. Repeating of the data/outcomes provided in the tables/ illustrations/graphs must be avoided.
• Discussion: This section must emphasize the new and important aspects of the study and the conclusions that follow from them. Comparing and contrasting the results with other relevant studies, stating the limitations of the study, and exploring the implications of the findings for future research and practice is suggested.

d) Reference list (at the end) – Must contain details of all the in-text references cited in paper. Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa).Responsibility for the accuracy of bibliographic citations lies entirely with the authors. References must be written according to the guidelines of Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (6th edition). Few examples are given below for reference.

• Books
  Athreya, Venkatesh B, Goran Djurfeldt and Staffan Lindberg (1990): Barriers Broken: Production Relations and Agrarian Change in Tamil Nadu, Sage, New Delhi and London.
• Journal Articles
  Sarap, Kailas (1991): ‘Changing Contractual Arrangement in Agriculture Labour Market: Evidence from Orissa’, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 55, Issue 4.
• Article in Edited Volume
  Bhaumik.U. (2002): “Role of Participatory Rural Appraisal and Co-management in Sustainable Culture Based Fisheries”, in Sugunan Jha (eds) Culture Based Fisheries for Inland Fisheries Development, CICFRI Publications, New Delhi.
• Conference Paper
  Capistrano, D.A, M. Hossain, and M. Ahmed (1997): “Poverty Alleviation, Empowerment, and Sustainable Resource Use: Experiments in Inland Fisheries Management in Bangladesh”, paper presented at the 3rd International Conference of the International Society for Ecological Economics, San Jose, Costa Rica, 01-03 January, 2011.
• Working Paper
  Glewwe, P., M. Gragnolati, and H. Zaman (2000): ‘Who Gained from Vietnam’s Boom in the 1990s? An Analysis of Poverty and Inequality Trends’, World Bank Working Paper 2275, World Bank, Washington D.C.
• Online Articles
  Walker, A. (2019, November 14). Germany avoids recession but growth remains weak. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/­news/­business-­50419127
• Online Articles with no Author
  Australia fires: ‘Catastrophic’ alerts in South Australia and Victoria. (2019, November 11). Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/­news/­world-­australia-­50483410
• Online Articles with no date
  University of Amsterdam. (n.d.). About the UvA. Retrieved November 20, 2019, from https://www.uva.nl/­en/­about-­the-­uva/­about-­the-­university/­about-­the-­university.html
• Newspaper article
  Fellner, C. (2019, April 7). Time bomb: Two new cases as NSW faces worst measles outbreak in years. The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved from https://www.smh.com.au

2. Original Articles: Authors must report research work which has not been published and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.

3. Other Guidelines for Manuscript

• a) Notes: These should be numbered serially in the text and expanded in the same chronological order at the end of the text in the form of Endnotes.
• b) Quotations: Use double quotation marks (“_”) for the entire quote, reserving single quotation marks (‘_’) for quoted words within a quotation. The spellings of words in the quotation should be retained as in the original. In case of long quotations (50 or more words), the quotation should be broken off from the text and indented 0.5 inch on the left, with a 1.5 line space above and below the quotation. The quotations must be followed by all relevant details including the name of the publication, author’s name, year of publication, and page no(s).
• c) Numbers: Generally, numbers from one to ten should be spelt out. Numbers above ten should be given in figures. However, if several numbers occur in a sentence or paragraph, all of them should be in figures, for easy readability. In case of units or percentages, all numbers should be in figures. For instance, 3 km., 5 kg., 8 per cent, etc. In case of percentages, the word ‘per cent’ should be spelt out in the text, but the symbol % can be used in tables, graphs, figures and equations. In case of large numbers, use only ‘millions’ and ‘thousands’, not ‘lakhs’ and ‘crores’.
• d) Abbreviations: All abbreviations such as ‘pp.’, ‘vol.’, ‘no.’, ‘Dr.’, ‘Mr.’, ‘edn.’, ‘eds.’, etc. must end with a full stop. There should also be full stops between initials of names, such as V.K. Seth, G.K. Chadha, D.N. Reddy, etc. However, in case of well known acronyms like USA, UK, NATO, UNO, UNESCO, ILO, WTO, GATT, INTUC, AITUC, BJP, etc. there should not be full stops between the initials. All acronyms should be spelt out at the place of first occurrence with the acronym given in brackets. Subsequently only the acronym can be used. For instance, at the place of first usage, write Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme (MGNREGS), but subsequently, write only MGBREGS.
• e) Dates: Specific dates should be written as, for instance, November 9, 2002. Decades should be referred to as the 1980s, 1990s, etc. The names of years should be in figures (1998, 2002, etc.), but the names of centuries should be spelt out (twentieth century, twenty-first century, etc.).
• f) Figures and Tables: Number each figure and table. All figures and tables should appear at the relevant places in the text and not at the end of the article. All figures and tables should be referred to by their numbers in the text (for instance, ‘Refer to Table 1’, ‘Please see Figure 3’, etc.). The titles of the tables and figures should be brief and to the point. The Source and Notes, if any, should be given at the bottom of the table or figure. Within the table or figure, numbers should be given in digits, not spelt out. Symbols like %, &, # should be used, where required, within the table or figure.

• Tables should be typed in Times New Roman 10 point font with Table Footnote in Times New Roman 9 point font.
• Tables should conform to the style attached. Tables should be drawn in MS Word native format and not pasted from other applications like MS Excel.
• Tables/Figures should be contained within the writable area of the page: should not be more than 5 inches wide and 7.5 inches in length. Tables/Figures should not break across pages. Long Tables should be manually divided into continuing parts, repeating headers for each part.